diff --git a/configs/init-overlay b/configs/init-overlay
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ade31c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configs/init-overlay
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+mkdir /run/overlay
+
+# Set up the overlay filesystem
+mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /run/overlay
+mkdir -p /run/overlay/upper
+mkdir -p /run/overlay/work
+mkdir -p /run/overlay/root
+
+mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/,upperdir=/run/overlay/upper,workdir=/run/overlay/work /run/overlay/root
+
+# Pivot the root filesystem to the overlay filesystem
+pivot_root /run/overlay/root /run/overlay/root/mnt
+
+# Move the original mount points to their new locations
+for i in dev proc sys run; do
+    mount --move /mnt/$i /$i
+done
+
+# Clean up and switch to the new init
+umount /mnt
+exec chroot . /sbin/init <dev/console >dev/console 2>&1
+
diff --git a/make.project/arm_chroot.sh b/make.project/arm_chroot.sh
index 60fa169..eebbc51 100755
--- a/make.project/arm_chroot.sh
+++ b/make.project/arm_chroot.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+set -u
+
 APPNAME="CHROOT VFS SETUP"
 T_SYSROOT=${dir_sysroot}
 set -a
diff --git a/make.project/backup_create.sh b/make.project/backup_create.sh
index dd5bb11..6940534 100755
--- a/make.project/backup_create.sh
+++ b/make.project/backup_create.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/backup_restore.sh b/make.project/backup_restore.sh
index 079a9b6..7ba77bf 100755
--- a/make.project/backup_restore.sh
+++ b/make.project/backup_restore.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/build_stage1.sh b/make.project/build_stage1.sh
index 3a2b824..df238d9 100755
--- a/make.project/build_stage1.sh
+++ b/make.project/build_stage1.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 # closely aligns with LFS Ch 5, 6
 
diff --git a/make.project/build_stage2.sh b/make.project/build_stage2.sh
index f348fdd..8a7211a 100755
--- a/make.project/build_stage2.sh
+++ b/make.project/build_stage2.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-
+set -u
 # closely aligns with LFS Ch 5, 6
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
diff --git a/make.project/build_stage3.sh b/make.project/build_stage3.sh
index e3e916b..98b0357 100755
--- a/make.project/build_stage3.sh
+++ b/make.project/build_stage3.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/build_stage4.sh b/make.project/build_stage4.sh
index 4c1f4a5..bb84abe 100755
--- a/make.project/build_stage4.sh
+++ b/make.project/build_stage4.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/build_stage5.sh b/make.project/build_stage5.sh
index 01add3a..9e50566 100755
--- a/make.project/build_stage5.sh
+++ b/make.project/build_stage5.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/clean.sh b/make.project/clean.sh
index fa8ccef..98e00f4 100755
--- a/make.project/clean.sh
+++ b/make.project/clean.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # clean the slate
+set -u
+
 echo
 echo "Deleting ${dir_stage}"
 rm -Rf ${dir_stage}
diff --git a/make.project/dirs.sh b/make.project/dirs.sh
index 61477ff..1982447 100755
--- a/make.project/dirs.sh
+++ b/make.project/dirs.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -u
+
 function echofail() {
 	echo $1
 	exit 1
diff --git a/make.project/disarm_chroot.sh b/make.project/disarm_chroot.sh
index 60770f3..d592b4a 100755
--- a/make.project/disarm_chroot.sh
+++ b/make.project/disarm_chroot.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+set -u
+
 APPNAME="CHROOT VKFS SETUP"
 
 # ISO 8601 variation
diff --git a/make.project/download_patches.sh b/make.project/download_patches.sh
index f521a79..a798722 100755
--- a/make.project/download_patches.sh
+++ b/make.project/download_patches.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 function echofail() {
 	echo "FAILED: $1"
diff --git a/make.project/download_sources.sh b/make.project/download_sources.sh
index 9485b73..7e66bde 100755
--- a/make.project/download_sources.sh
+++ b/make.project/download_sources.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 function echofail() {
 	echo "FAILED: $1"
diff --git a/make.project/enter_chroot.sh b/make.project/enter_chroot.sh
index 4c7a726..cbc5998 100755
--- a/make.project/enter_chroot.sh
+++ b/make.project/enter_chroot.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+set -u
+
+
 APPNAME="CHROOT VFS SETUP"
 T_SYSROOT=${dir_sysroot}
 
diff --git a/make.project/install_rex.sh b/make.project/install_rex.sh
index 9a99b41..b167363 100755
--- a/make.project/install_rex.sh
+++ b/make.project/install_rex.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -u
 
 function echofail() {
 	echo "Failed: $1"
diff --git a/make.project/livecd.sh b/make.project/livecd.sh
index 1550485..8e369e6 100755
--- a/make.project/livecd.sh
+++ b/make.project/livecd.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/master.sh b/make.project/master.sh
index 65b3899..115a6eb 100755
--- a/make.project/master.sh
+++ b/make.project/master.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 # fix an issue with open files limit on some hosts
 ulimit -l unlimited
diff --git a/make.project/purge_artifacts.sh b/make.project/purge_artifacts.sh
index a457a0f..cb16a55 100755
--- a/make.project/purge_artifacts.sh
+++ b/make.project/purge_artifacts.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -u
+
 echo
 echo "Recreating ${dir_artifacts}"
 rm -Rf ${dir_artifacts}
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/asciidoc.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/asciidoc.bash
index bb0d7b9..d37bb53 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/asciidoc.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/asciidoc.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/dracut.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/dracut.bash
index 6208d30..137173b 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/dracut.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/dracut.bash
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
-
+set -u
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxml2.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxml2.bash
index 5b287fe..89f6994 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxml2.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxml2.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxslt.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxslt.bash
index 49105db..4530a71 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxslt.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/libxslt.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/livecd.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/livecd.bash
index 19a1805..f72a9f8 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/livecd.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/livecd/livecd.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 APPNAME="livecd"
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/binutils.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/binutils.bash
index dbb1eea..3a907fe 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/binutils.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/binutils.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
@@ -326,6 +327,9 @@ mode_install_pass2() {
 	rm -v ${T_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.{a,la}
 	assert_zero $?
 	
+	rm -v rm -fv /usr/share/man/man1/{gprofng,gp-*}.1
+	assert_zero $?
+	
 	logprint "Install operation complete."
 }
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/check_dependencies.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/check_dependencies.bash
index 32ce616..95f5b6b 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/check_dependencies.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/check_dependencies.bash
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
+set -u
+
 export LC_ALL=C
 
 echo
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/create_sysroot_dirs.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/create_sysroot_dirs.bash
index 0470f2c..7abf068 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/create_sysroot_dirs.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/create_sysroot_dirs.bash
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -u
 
 mkdir -pv ${dir_sysroot}/{etc,var} ${dir_sysroot}/usr/{bin,lib,sbin} || echofail "Creating sysroot directories..."
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/gcc.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/gcc.bash
index f177a04..ff5bff4 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/gcc.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/gcc.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/glibc.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/glibc.bash
index 88c82b6..b95b628 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/glibc.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/glibc.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/linux.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/linux.bash
index 85c9787..7097cb1 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/linux.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage1/linux.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/bash.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/bash.bash
index 16a70ab..4774c9d 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/bash.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/bash.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/coreutils.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/coreutils.bash
index 62fb3b1..d02b164 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/coreutils.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/coreutils.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/diffutils.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/diffutils.bash
index 9227868..97f0e3e 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/diffutils.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/diffutils.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/file.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/file.bash
index fe971b1..ce579bb 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/file.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/file.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/findutils.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/findutils.bash
index ed43616..d651870 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/findutils.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/findutils.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/fix_chroot_perms.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/fix_chroot_perms.bash
index ef56c13..6b8b9c5 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/fix_chroot_perms.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/fix_chroot_perms.bash
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # print to stdout, print to log
 # the path where logs are written to
 # note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+set -u
 
 APPNAME="FIX_CHROOT_PERMS"
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gawk.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gawk.bash
index 58bcd68..883bada 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gawk.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gawk.bash
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
-
+set -u
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/grep.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/grep.bash
index a252b73..de34445 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/grep.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/grep.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gzip.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gzip.bash
index d5f320e..b99468a 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gzip.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/gzip.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/m4.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/m4.bash
index 242e5ba..66469f0 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/m4.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/m4.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/make.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/make.bash
index c448110..ff27e5d 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/make.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/make.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/ncurses.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/ncurses.bash
index 4edc566..641f4f3 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/ncurses.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/ncurses.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/patch.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/patch.bash
index 90d2942..568f0f0 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/patch.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/patch.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/populate_ug.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/populate_ug.bash
index 5a6298a..4c38006 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/populate_ug.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/populate_ug.bash
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # print to stdout, print to log
 # the path where logs are written to
 # note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+set -u
 
 APPNAME="CHROOT PASSWD GROUPS"
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/prepare_vkfs.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/prepare_vkfs.bash
index af04b51..85419c9 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/prepare_vkfs.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/prepare_vkfs.bash
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # print to stdout, print to log
 # the path where logs are written to
 # note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+set -u
 
 APPNAME="CHROOT VFS SETUP"
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/sed.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/sed.bash
index c16b299..557e15c 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/sed.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/sed.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/tar.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/tar.bash
index 61e14a7..e269225 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/tar.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/tar.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/xz.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/xz.bash
index 60bb4d1..7418f2d 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/xz.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage2/xz.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/bison.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/bison.bash
index 5f9ddde..32d4736 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/bison.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/bison.bash
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 # make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
 set -a
+set -u
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Configuration:
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/clean-temp.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/clean-temp.bash
index 806b0be..ca41429 100755
--- a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/clean-temp.bash
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage3/clean-temp.bash
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # print to stdout, print to log
 # the path where logs are written to
 # note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+set -u
 
 APPNAME="Cleaning up the Temporary System"
 
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/squashfs-tools.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/squashfs-tools.bash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7393cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/squashfs-tools.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# desc:
+# stages, builds, installs
+
+# make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
+set -a
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# the name of this application
+APPNAME="squashfs"
+
+# the version of this application
+VERSION="4.6.1"
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Variables and functions sourced from Environment:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# assert_zero()
+# Checks if $1 is 0.  If non-0 value, halts the execution of the script.
+#
+# LOGS_ROOT
+# The parent directory where logs from this project will go.
+#
+# TEMP_STAGE_DIR
+# The parent directory of where source archives are extracted to.
+
+# register mode selections
+ARGUMENT_LIST=(
+    "stage"
+    "build"
+    "install"
+    "all"
+    "help"
+)
+
+# modes to associate with switches
+# assumes you want nothing done unless you ask for it.
+MODE_STAGE=false
+MODE_BUILD=false
+MODE_INSTALL=false
+MODE_ALL=false
+MODE_HELP=false
+
+# the file to log to
+LOGFILE="${APPNAME}.log"
+
+# ISO 8601 variation
+TIMESTAMP="$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)"
+
+# the path where logs are written to
+# note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+LOG_DIR="${LOGS_ROOT}/${APPNAME}-${TIMESTAMP}"
+
+mkdir -p ${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}
+# the path where the source will be located when complete
+# note: TEMP_STAGE_DIR is sourced from environment
+T_SOURCE_DIR="${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}/${APPNAME}"
+
+# read defined arguments
+opts=$(getopt \
+    --longoptions "$(printf "%s," "${ARGUMENT_LIST[@]}")" \
+    --name "$APPNAME" \
+    --options "" \
+    -- "$@"
+)
+
+# process supplied arguments into flags that enable execution modes
+eval set --$opts
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+        --stage)
+            MODE_STAGE=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --build)
+            MODE_BUILD=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --install)
+            MODE_INSTALL=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --all)
+            MODE_ALL=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --help)
+            MODE_HELP=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        *)
+            break
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# print to stdout, print to log
+logprint() {
+	mkdir -p "${LOG_DIR}"
+	echo "[$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)] [${APPNAME}] $1" \
+	| tee -a "${LOG_DIR}/${LOGFILE}"
+}
+
+# Tell the user we're alive...
+logprint "Initializing the ${APPNAME} utility..."
+
+# when the stage mode is enabled, this will execute
+mode_stage() {
+	logprint "Starting stage of ${APPNAME}..."
+
+	logprint "Removing any pre-existing staging for ${APPNAME}."
+	rm -Rf "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"*
+
+	logprint "Extracting ${APPNAME}-${VERSION} source archive to ${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}"
+	echo "${SOURCES_DIR}/${APPNAME}${VERSION}.tar."* -C "${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}"
+	tar xf "${SOURCES_DIR}/${APPNAME}${VERSION}.tar."* -C "${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	# conditionally rename if it needs it
+	stat "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"* && mv "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"* "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+
+	logprint "Staging operation complete."
+}
+
+# when the build_pass1 mode is enabled, this will execute
+mode_build() {
+	
+	# patch, configure and build
+	logprint "Starting build of ${APPNAME}..."
+	
+	logprint "Entering build dir."	
+	pushd "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	pushd squashfs-tools
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	logprint "Compiling..."
+	make
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	logprint "Build operation complete."
+}
+
+mode_install() {
+	logprint "Starting install of ${APPNAME}..."
+	pushd "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	pushd squashfs-tools
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	# fixing nonsense
+	#sed -i 's/ECHO=$(which echo)/ECHO="echo"/' ../generate-manpages/functions.sh
+	#assert_zero $?
+	
+	#sed -i '4,8s/^/#/' ../generate-manpages/functions.sh
+	#assert_zero $?
+	
+	sed -i 's|INSTALL_DIR = $(INSTALL_PREFIX)/bin|INSTALL_DIR = /usr/sbin|' Makefile
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	logprint "Installing..."
+	make install
+	assert_zero $?
+			
+	logprint "Install operation complete."
+}
+
+
+mode_help() {
+	echo "${APPNAME} [ --stage ] [ --build_temp ] [ --install_temp ] [ --all_temp ] [ --help ]"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+if [ "$MODE_ALL" = "true" ]; then
+	MODE_STAGE=true
+	MODE_BUILD=true
+	MODE_INSTALL=true
+fi
+
+# if no options were selected, then show help and exit
+if \
+	[ "$MODE_HELP" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_STAGE" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_BUILD" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_INSTALL" != "true" ]
+then
+	logprint "No option selected during execution."
+	mode_help
+fi
+
+# if help was supplied at all, show help and exit
+if [ "$MODE_HELP" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Help option selected.  Printing options and exiting."
+	mode_help
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_STAGE" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Staging option selected."
+	mode_stage
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_BUILD" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Build of ${APPNAME} selected."
+	mode_build
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_INSTALL" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Install of ${APPNAME} selected."
+	mode_install
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+logprint "Execution of ${APPNAME} completed."
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/which.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/which.bash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5d25a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/components/stage5/which.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# desc:
+# stages, builds, installs
+
+# make variables persist in subprocesses for logging function
+set -a
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# the name of this application
+APPNAME="which"
+
+# the version of this application
+VERSION="2.21"
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Variables and functions sourced from Environment:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# assert_zero()
+# Checks if $1 is 0.  If non-0 value, halts the execution of the script.
+#
+# LOGS_ROOT
+# The parent directory where logs from this project will go.
+#
+# TEMP_STAGE_DIR
+# The parent directory of where source archives are extracted to.
+
+# register mode selections
+ARGUMENT_LIST=(
+    "stage"
+    "build"
+    "install"
+    "all"
+    "help"
+)
+
+# modes to associate with switches
+# assumes you want nothing done unless you ask for it.
+MODE_STAGE=false
+MODE_BUILD=false
+MODE_INSTALL=false
+MODE_ALL=false
+MODE_HELP=false
+
+# the file to log to
+LOGFILE="${APPNAME}.log"
+
+# ISO 8601 variation
+TIMESTAMP="$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)"
+
+# the path where logs are written to
+# note: LOGS_ROOT is sourced from environment
+LOG_DIR="${LOGS_ROOT}/${APPNAME}-${TIMESTAMP}"
+
+# the path where the source will be located when complete
+# note: TEMP_STAGE_DIR is sourced from environment
+T_SOURCE_DIR="${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}/${APPNAME}"
+
+# read defined arguments
+opts=$(getopt \
+    --longoptions "$(printf "%s," "${ARGUMENT_LIST[@]}")" \
+    --name "$APPNAME" \
+    --options "" \
+    -- "$@"
+)
+
+# process supplied arguments into flags that enable execution modes
+eval set --$opts
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+        --stage)
+            MODE_STAGE=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --build)
+            MODE_BUILD=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --install)
+            MODE_INSTALL=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --all)
+            MODE_ALL=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        --help)
+            MODE_HELP=true
+            shift 1
+            ;;
+        *)
+            break
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# print to stdout, print to log
+logprint() {
+	mkdir -p "${LOG_DIR}"
+	echo "[$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)] [${APPNAME}] $1" \
+	| tee -a "${LOG_DIR}/${LOGFILE}"
+}
+
+# Tell the user we're alive...
+logprint "Initializing the ${APPNAME} utility..."
+
+# when the stage mode is enabled, this will execute
+mode_stage() {
+	logprint "Starting stage of ${APPNAME}..."
+
+	logprint "Removing any pre-existing staging for ${APPNAME}."
+	rm -Rf "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"*
+
+	logprint "Extracting ${APPNAME}-${VERSION} source archive to ${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}"
+	tar xf "${SOURCES_DIR}/${APPNAME}-${VERSION}.tar."* -C "${TEMP_STAGE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	# conditionally rename if it needs it
+	stat "${T_SOURCE_DIR}-"* && mv "${T_SOURCE_DIR}-"* "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+
+	logprint "Staging operation complete."
+}
+
+# when the build_pass1 mode is enabled, this will execute
+mode_build() {
+	
+	# patch, configure and build
+	logprint "Starting build of ${APPNAME}..."
+	
+	logprint "Entering build dir."	
+	pushd "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	logprint "Configuring ${APPNAME}..."
+	./configure --prefix=/usr
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	logprint "Compiling..."
+	make
+	assert_zero $?
+
+	logprint "Build operation complete."
+}
+
+mode_install() {
+	logprint "Starting install of ${APPNAME}..."
+	pushd "${T_SOURCE_DIR}"
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	logprint "Installing..."
+	make install
+	assert_zero $?
+	
+	logprint "Install operation complete."
+}
+
+
+mode_help() {
+	echo "${APPNAME} [ --stage ] [ --build_temp ] [ --install_temp ] [ --all_temp ] [ --help ]"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+if [ "$MODE_ALL" = "true" ]; then
+	MODE_STAGE=true
+	MODE_BUILD=true
+	MODE_INSTALL=true
+fi
+
+# if no options were selected, then show help and exit
+if \
+	[ "$MODE_HELP" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_STAGE" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_BUILD" != "true" ] && \
+	[ "$MODE_INSTALL" != "true" ]
+then
+	logprint "No option selected during execution."
+	mode_help
+fi
+
+# if help was supplied at all, show help and exit
+if [ "$MODE_HELP" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Help option selected.  Printing options and exiting."
+	mode_help
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_STAGE" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Staging option selected."
+	mode_stage
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_BUILD" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Build of ${APPNAME} selected."
+	mode_build
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+if [ "$MODE_INSTALL" = "true" ]; then
+	logprint "Install of ${APPNAME} selected."
+	mode_install
+	assert_zero $?
+fi
+
+logprint "Execution of ${APPNAME} completed."
diff --git a/rex.project/x86_64/environments/livecd.env.bash b/rex.project/x86_64/environments/livecd.env.bash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ddc4699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rex.project/x86_64/environments/livecd.env.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+set -a
+
+source ./project_config.sh
+
+TERM=xterm-256color
+COLORTERM=truecolor
+LC_ALL=C
+
+function echofail() {
+	echo
+	echo "FAILED: $1"
+	echo
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# keeps talking about T_SYSROOT as $LFS
+# wants $LFS path to be a mount
+# needs to be set for any user including root
+
+#2.6
+# sourced from project_config
+T_SYSROOT=${dir_sysroot}
+LFS=${T_SYSROOT}
+
+rex_dir="/rex_embedded"
+
+
+# 4.3 we skip user and group creation, it's expected to be done before
+# you start if you want a different user than you're running as
+# == after that, configure the rex unit for dir creation to use that user
+
+if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then 
+	echo "Not running as root." 
+fi
+
+# 4.4
+
+# The set +h command turns off bash's hash function, which affects caching of paths for executables
+set +h
+
+# ensures newly created files and directories are only writable by their owner, but are readable and executable by anyone
+umask 022
+
+# sets a comptabile machine name description for use when building crosstools that isn't going to be what the host system is using
+# $LFS_TGT is what LFS uses for this
+T_TRIPLET=x86_64-dhl-linux-gnu
+
+# prevents some configure scripts from looking in the wrong place for config.site 
+CONFIG_SITE=${T_SYSROOT}/usr/share/config.site
+
+# 4.5
+MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)"
+
+# where the cross-compiler gets installed ($LFS/tools)
+CROSSTOOLS_DIR=${T_SYSROOT}/xtools
+TEMP_STAGE_DIR=${T_SYSROOT}/source_stage
+# from project_config
+SOURCES_DIR=${dir_sources}
+PATCHES_DIR=${dir_patches}
+LOGS_ROOT=${dir_logs}/apps/stage2
+CONFIGS_DIR=${dir_configs}
+
+# fail the unit in the event of a non-zero value passed
+# used primarily to check exit codes on previous commands
+# also a great convenient place to add in a "press any key to continue"
+assert_zero() {
+	if [[ "$1" -eq 0 ]]; then 
+		return
+	else
+		exit $1
+	fi
+}
+
+ARCHLIB_DIR=${T_SYSROOT}/lib64
+PATH=${CROSSTOOLS_DIR}/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin